Peer-reviewed research

Existing Work

The Before Midnight Foundation builds upon years of foundational research conducted during Neil Perry's PhD and related collaborations. This work provides the technical, analytical, and conceptual foundations for our ongoing efforts.

Publications

Research that matters

These publications form the scientific foundation for our work. Each represents years of rigorous research into practical solutions for global security challenges.

Research Paper

Cryptographic Data Exchange for Nuclear Warheads

Neil Perry, Daniil Zhukov

arXiv:2507.20074

This paper proposes a cryptographic "warhead passport" system for tracking individual nuclear warheads over their entire life cycle. It uses modern cryptographic tools, including commitment schemes and zero-knowledge proofs, to allow parties to verify treaty compliance while keeping sensitive warhead design and deployment information secret. The ideas in this work directly inform the Foundation's focus on technically robust, privacy-preserving approaches to warhead verification and arms control implementation.

Report

Everything Counts: Building a Control Regime for Nonstrategic Nuclear Warheads in Europe

Miles A. Pomper, William Alberque, Marshall L. Brown Jr., William M. Moon, Nikolai Sokov, with an introduction by Rose Gottemoeller

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Occasional Paper #55

This report examines how the United States, its allies, and Russia might design and implement a control regime for nonstrategic nuclear warheads in Europe—warheads that have historically fallen outside formal arms control agreements. It analyzes negotiating options, verification challenges, and practical pathways for future agreements. The concepts and policy context in this work help anchor the Foundation's efforts to connect technical verification ideas to realistic, region-specific arms control arrangements.

Support Continued Research

Fund the next breakthrough

Great research needs support. Help us continue developing the tools and analysis that make the world safer.

Verification system diagram

Your donation helps protect the world.

The Before Midnight Foundation builds technology to reduce the risk of nuclear war, pandemics, and other global catastrophes before they happen.

Your support funds research that governments and international organizations can actually use. This is about preventing disasters, not reacting after lives are lost.